A p-value falling below 0.05 signified statistical significance in the analysis. Of the 41 patients observed, 33 exhibited infantile and childhood forms of AD, while a mere 8 presented with adolescent and adult AD. Patient analysis using the SCORAD index demonstrated 12 instances of mild, 20 of moderate, and 9 of severe atopic dermatitis. Deficient or insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were observed in 756% of patients, whereas 244% exhibited normal levels. A correlation analysis revealed no substantial link between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of Alzheimer's Disease (r = -0.173). The meanSD serum vitamin D level in mild Alzheimer's Disease (25781) was superior to that found in subjects with moderate (23988) or severe (19583) AD. Regrettably, the data did not produce a statistically significant result, as evidenced by the p-value of 0.249. Vitamin D levels remained uncorrelated with variables like sex, age, skin type, seasonal changes, and food sensitivities. This study's findings highlight the possibility of suboptimal vitamin D levels among millions of children in Bangladesh, a critical public health concern. Despite the shortcomings in the results, there's no substantial relationship to the severity of AD. This Bangladeshi epidemiological study presents novel evidence, for the first time, against the hypothesis that vitamin D status is connected to atopic dermatitis.
A study evaluating the antibacterial properties of water-based extracts from Mentha piperita leaves in inhibiting the growth of the food-borne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. endobronchial ultrasound biopsy This interventional study, a collaboration between the Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Microbiology at Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, spanned the period from January 2021 to December 2021. Antibacterial activity of aqueous mint leaf extracts at diverse concentrations was examined using the disc diffusion and broth dilution approaches. Using aqueous solvents, the extract was prepared. The test microorganisms' activity against gentamicin, using the broth dilution technique, was compared to the results from aqueous extract testing. Eight concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 g/ml) of aqueous mint leaf extract (AMLE) were used initially; subsequent testing narrowed down the concentrations to pinpoint the precise antimicrobial sensitivity range of the extracts. Staphylococcus aureus displayed susceptibility to AMLE at concentrations of 200g/ml and higher, whereas Escherichia coli required higher concentrations, specifically 400g/ml and beyond, to experience an inhibitory effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in AMLE was 200 g/mL and 400 g/mL, respectively. Gentamicin's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured at 1 gram per milliliter for Staphylococcus aureus and 15 grams per milliliter for Escherichia coli. In relation to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AMLE for the test organisms, Gentamicin's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the smallest. This study's results showed that aqueous mint extracts demonstrate antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens. It is unequivocally apparent that the mint leaf aqueous extract possesses a definite antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a chronic blockage of the airways. Concerning years lived with disability, this chronic respiratory condition is undeniably one of the most common and essential. Bangladesh, alongside other developing countries, is seeing an increase in incidence rates. involuntary medication From January to December 2020, a cross-sectional, observational study was carried out at Mymensingh Medical College's Department of Pharmacology, partnering with the Department of Medicine, to assess COPD drug prescription patterns in Bangladesh. A non-random, deliberate sample of 168 patients was selected for participation in the study. Analysis of age distribution shows that 315 percent of patients are in the 50 to 59 year age bracket, and males comprise 935 percent of the patient population. Smokers constituted a significant 82.1% of the participants in the research. A considerable portion (3412%) of the drugs studied were given orally, and nebulization was the second most frequent dosage form (2675%). In COPD treatment, bronchodilators were the most prevalent medication, appearing in 57.19% of prescriptions (652 prescriptions), followed by corticosteroids (19.47%, 222 prescriptions) and antibiotics (14.47%, 165 prescriptions). Beta sympathomimetics, comprising 322 (4549%), were the most frequently prescribed bronchodilators, followed closely by anticholinergics, at 186 (2852%), and methylxanthines, with 144 (2208%) prescriptions. Analyzing 1140 COPD drugs, 5306 percent were provided via inhalation and 3412 percent were given orally. In a comparative analysis of steroid administration routes, inhalation was decisively favored (6037%) over the oral route (3763%). Combination therapy was the treatment of choice for the majority of the patients, comprising 152 out of 9048 (90.48%). Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy, predominantly salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, was the most frequently used, followed by salmeterol and fluticasone, accounting for a substantial portion of the overall use. In the studied population, prescriptions for both FDCs were given to 577% of the individuals. Prescription analysis, concerning nomenclature, reveals trade names in 244% of instances.
The cessation of endometrial cycles, a typical physiological phase in women aged 45-55, signifies menopause, a condition arising from the depletion of ovarian follicular function. The postmenopausal phase frequently brings about the occurrence of symptoms like hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, depression, irritability, headaches, and sleep disruptions, which can negatively impact the standard of living. This study explored the variances in body mass index and fasting serum glucose levels between postmenopausal and reproductive-aged women. From January 2021 until December 2021, a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out within the confines of the Department of Physiology at Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh. This study included 140 women, whose ages ranged from 25 to 65 years. As a control group (Group I), seventy women of reproductive age, falling between 25 and 45 years old, were included. Conversely, the study group (Group II) consisted of seventy postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 65 years. Anthropometric measurements, including height in meters and weight in kilograms, were taken, and fasting serum glucose was measured using the GOD-PAP method. Statistical significance of group differences in the results, expressed as mean (standard deviation), was calculated using the unpaired Student's t-test. For Group I, the mean BMI, including the standard deviation, was 2305443 kg/m², in comparison to Group II's mean BMI of 2901312 kg/m². The study group's mean body mass index (BMI) exhibited a substantial rise, in clear differentiation from the control group. Group I, the control group, and group II, the study group, displayed mean fasting serum glucose levels of 477204 mmol/L and 611161 mmol/L, respectively, factoring in the standard deviations. Study group II demonstrated an elevation in fasting serum glucose. The increased chance of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women is directly linked to elevated fasting serum glucose, which is, in turn, attributable to lower levels of female sex hormones, specifically estrogen. (1S,3R)-RSL3 The assessment of these parameters is essential for early recognition and prevention of complications stemming from high BMI and fasting serum glucose levels, leading to an improved existence.
Patients and otolaryngologists alike face a challenge with otomycosis, a fungal infection of the external ear, as it calls for lengthy treatment and subsequent follow-up care. Candida species are a common cause of otomycosis, though Aspergillus is a more prevalent causative agent. C. albicans, the most common type of Candida species, still stands out; nevertheless, the incidence of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species has risen considerably in recent years, demonstrating heightened resistance and a greater propensity for recurring infections. This descriptive observational study was strategically planned to identify the species distribution of Candida and their susceptibility to antifungal medications. This action is a causative factor in otomycosis. From March 2021 to February 2022, a group of 60 patients with clinical suspicion of otomycosis due to Candida were enrolled in a study at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. An ear, nose, and throat specialist obtained the specimens. Following microscopic and cultural investigation, Candida species were isolated and identified using phenotypic and genotypic techniques. The subsequent determination of antifungal susceptibility was performed within the Department of Microbiology at Mymensingh Medical College. Analysis of 60 samples through microscopy and culture methods showed 18 samples to be positive for Candida (a rate of 300%). The breakdown of isolates showed 2 (11.11%) as C. albicans and 16 (88.89%) as Non-albicans Candida. Of the five identified NAC species, *Candida parapsilosis* was the most abundant, comprising 5 of the total (2777%), followed by *Candida tropicalis* with 4 (2222%), and *Candida famata* representing 3 (1667%). Rare species, specifically C. ciferrii (2, 1111%) and Kodamaea ohmeri (2, 1111%), were successfully isolated. Candida, as a genus, encompasses a variety of fungal species. In terms of resistance to antifungals, Clotrimazole showed the strongest resistance (440%), followed by Itraconazole (330%), Nystatin (220%), and finally, Fluconazole (170%). Despite exposure to a broad range of antifungals, C. ciferrii and Kodamaea ohmeri retained resistance to all agents except Nystatin. This study's results offer a different perspective on species distribution, emphasizing the isolation of rare and emerging drug-resistant species like C. ciferri and Kodamea ohmeri. Further detailed survey work is needed.