Recurring and challenging Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), a reproductive tract infection, significantly affects the physical and mental health of women. Although Candida albicans was previously recognized as the dominant agent in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), recent data demonstrate substantial changes in the species causing VVC, accompanied by a range of sensitivities to antifungal treatments. This cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study, spanning the period from March 2021 to February 2022, investigated the spectrum of Candida species related to vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and evaluated their susceptibility to various antifungal agents. Sabouraud dextrose agar, containing chloramphenicol, was utilized to culture high vaginal swabs from 175 patients, each displaying clinical indicators suggesting vulvovaginal candidiasis. Species identification involved a combination of phenotypic methods, including germ tube tests and subcultures on chromogenic agar, and genotypic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. In a cohort of 175 patients, a count of 52 (297%) presented positive results for Candida species. The analysis of the isolated organisms revealed 34 (650 percent) as C. albicans and 18 (350 percent) as Non-albicans Candida (NAC). In the non-albicans Candida group, Candida glabrata (96%, 5 cases) and Candida tropicalis (96%, 5 cases) displayed the highest prevalence, followed by Candida parapsilosis (77%, 4 cases). The relatively rare species included Candida krusei, Candida kefyr, Candida ciferrii, and Candida dubliniensis, with each representing a single instance (19% each). The susceptibility testing for antifungal agents indicated Clotrimazole presented the strongest resistance at 310%, while Nystatin's resistance was 130%, Itraconazole's 120%, and Fluconazole's 100%. NAC strains exhibited a more substantial azole resistance than albicans strains. A high proportion of 16 patients (310%) from this study population had a history of recurrent vaginal candidiasis (RVVC), with 12 (750%) of these cases stemming from fluconazole (NAC) therapy. Of particular note, 5 (320%) of these cases specifically involved infection by Candida glabrata. Gynecological clinics ought to account for the expanding incidence of NAC-associated vaginitis, demonstrating heightened resistance and a tendency for recurrence.
The first bone within the pectoral girdle to undergo ossification is the clavicle. Only this bone constitutes a bony link between the trunk and the upper appendage. In order to ascertain the full range of size and morphological features of the human clavicle, a research project was carried out using dry human clavicles provided by the Department of Anatomy. This study aimed to establish initial data regarding the clavicular bow's configuration within the transverse plane. A descriptive cross-sectional study, incorporating analytical elements, was performed on 150 fully ossified, dry clavicles (65 right and 85 left) at Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, between January and December 2020. From the Anatomy department of Mymensingh Medical College and the Community Based Medical College in Bangladesh, samples satisfying the inclusion criteria were collected employing a non-random sampling method. By means of a rigid osteometry board, the depth of medial and lateral curvatures was determined and communicated in millimeters. Analyzing the medial curvature of 65 right and 85 left clavicles, this study found mean depths of 1554354mm and 1545324mm, respectively. The right side exhibited a meanSD lateral curvature depth of 1171254mm, while the left side's meanSD lateral curvature depth was 921231mm. A correlation analysis examined the relationship between the depth of medial and lateral curvatures on both sides; a positive correlation was shown by the regression line, yet statistical significance for the differences was absent on both sides.
The objective of this study was to determine serum calcium and magnesium levels in hospitalized patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. From January 2021 to December 2021, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry at Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Bangladesh, with the assistance of the Department of Nephrology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Subjects were chosen according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria using a purposive and convenient sampling approach. This study encompassed a total of 110 subjects. Among the participants, 55 individuals were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and designated as Group I, alongside 55 healthy individuals, designated as Group II. Following briefings, written consents were documented for the subjects. Under sterile conditions, a 50-milliliter sample of venous blood was extracted from the median cubital vein. The analyses, focused on serum calcium and magnesium levels, were undertaken in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College. Values were described statistically as the mean, plus or minus the standard deviation. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Windows version 210. Difference in means between Group I and Group II were examined using Student's unpaired t-test, defining p-values below 0.05 as statistically significant. Correlation was evaluated using the Pearson's correlation coefficient test methodology. The mean serum calcium values, with their standard deviations, were 815054 mg/dL (980050 mg/dL) and 980050 mg/dL (815054 mg/dL) in Group I and Group II, respectively. Similarly, the mean serum magnesium values were 225017 mg/dL (195050 mg/dL) for Group I and 195050 mg/dL (225017 mg/dL) for Group II. Serum calcium levels in CKD patients were significantly (p < 0.0001) lower, and serum magnesium levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher, than those observed in healthy individuals.
The antibacterial capacity of chloroform extracts from henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves was examined in vitro against the nosocomial bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, hosted an interventional study within the Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Microbiology, spanning the timeframe from January 2021 to December 2021. Employing both disc diffusion and broth dilution, the antibacterial activity of Chloroform Henna leaf extracts was tested at varied concentrations. The preparation of the extract involved the use of chloroform and 0.1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Testing the activity of the test microorganisms against the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin using the broth dilution method, the results were compared against the findings from chloroform extracts. Initial applications of Chloroform Henna Extracts (CHE) involved nine distinct concentrations: 25, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/ml. At varying concentrations of CHE, those exceeding 100mg/ml exhibited an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In CHE, the MIC values for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL, respectively. In terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), ciprofloxacin demonstrated an activity of 1 gram per milliliter against Staphylococcus aureus and 15 grams per milliliter against Klebsiella pneumoniae. When comparing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CHE for the test organisms, the ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) had the lowest value. Foodborne pathogens were shown to be susceptible to the antibacterial effects of chloroform henna extracts, as demonstrated by this research. The extract of henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis) in chloroform displays a discernible antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Clinical practice frequently reveals hyponatremia, an electrolyte imbalance, as a prevalent finding, often encountered in laboratory tests performed on children with community-acquired pneumonia. The study's objective was to explore the correlation between the clinical presentation, severity of illness, and outcomes in children (2-60 months old) affected by community-acquired pneumonia and hyponatremia. In Bangladesh, at the pediatric department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. During the six-month period from November 2016 to April 2017, the study took place. rheumatic autoimmune diseases Data was derived from children who were between two and sixty months old and met the criteria for selection. For this research, the selection of samples was guided by a purposive sampling method. A comprehensive history was compiled, followed by meticulous examinations and relevant investigations. One hundred patients with community-acquired pneumonia were recruited; a substantial 340% exhibited hyponatremia, while an equally significant 660% displayed no hyponatremia. Severe pneumonia is associated with a notably higher percentage of hyponatremia (455%) than moderate pneumonia (333%), with mild pneumonia showing no evidence of hyponatremia. Orthopedic oncology Pneumonia cases involving hyponatremia showed significantly elevated levels of mean temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, head-nodding, nasal flaring, grunting sounds, stridor, cyanosis, convulsions, feeding challenges, and impaired air entry, as compared to pneumonia cases without hyponatremia. The average duration of symptoms and the average length of hospital stays were notably greater in pneumonia patients exhibiting hyponatremia. In hyponatremic patients, the average serum sodium concentration measured 13218151 mmol/L, whereas normonatremic patients exhibited a mean serum sodium concentration of 13791194 mmol/L. this website Patients diagnosed with pneumonia and hyponatremia exhibited a statistically substantial elevation in the average levels of total leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. A statistically significant difference in serum hemoglobin was observed between hyponatremic and normonatremic patient groups, with hyponatremic patients having lower levels.